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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Karmak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fishing rod 2 hook face="Times New Roman Star"1 удочка 2 крюк face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (KB ) 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"karmuk 2, dial. garmag| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (IM , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rmo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)maq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"GarmaG 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarmax 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarbaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, ЭСТЯ 5, 309-310 (usually considered to be derived from *Karba-, but this is phonetically dubious).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:p- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell, swollen (of belly) 2 to become pregnant, pregnant 3 to be arrogant, inflated face="Times New Roman Star"1 пухнуть (о животе) 2 беременеть, беременная 3 чваниться, важничать face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@r-, k@pr@j- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ga"biz `constipation' face="Times New Roman Star"ga":be 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kabar 'insatiable, gluttonous' face="Times New Roman Star"kiebir- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xever- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?|e, keber 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?e 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@j- 1, k@pr@j- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kep-, gebez?e 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 36. The root is partially confused (and contaminated) with *gebre- 'to die, corpse' (v. sub *ka>pi ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*go"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wooden board 2 woodblock 3 cross-bar (over fire) face="Times New Roman Star"1 деревянная доска 2 деревянный брусок 3 распорка (над огнем) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"le 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lbe 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lzo"k 'снегозащитные щиты' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"k@le 'задвижка' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Different etymologies in Федотов 1, 271 (Chuv. k@le - hardly to kilit); VEWT 289 (Yak. ko"lo" - not to 'harness' ko"l-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sabak ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"vice face="Times New Roman Star"тиски face="Times New Roman Star"? savak 'water chute' face="Times New Roman Star"sa:k face="Times New Roman Star"Phonetically a good match pointing to PT *sabak - but very poorly represented and dubious semantically (the meaning 'water chute' in Turkic - because of the shape of the object?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to leave the way, go astray, deviate 2 sideway 3 dodge, trick face="Times New Roman Star"1 уходить с дороги, отклоняться 2 окольная дорога 3 уловка, трюк face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 (AH , CCum .) , sapa 'deviating' (Pav. C. ), sapaq 2 (Vam. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sap 3, sap- 'to change' face="Times New Roman Star"sup- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 402, EDT 784, ЭСТЯ 7, Ашм. XI, 187, Федотов 2, 64.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jib face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 seam 2 to sew face="Times New Roman Star"1 шов 2 шить face="Times New Roman Star"ji 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jiv 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o"j 1, z?|o"j- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jiv 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|v@w|- 2, s/@w|v 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jo"j 1, jo"j- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"j 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 911, ЭСТЯ 4, 197-198, VEWT 202-203. On the derived *jib-sek ( > *ju"b-sek, *ju"g-sek) 'thimble' see ЭСТЯ 4, 257-258, Stachowski 117. Bulg. > Hung. szu?- in szu?cz 'furrier, tailor' (*jib-c?i), cf. MNyTESz 3, 810.
face="Times New Roman Star"*To"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tree stump face="Times New Roman Star"пень face="Times New Roman Star"to"kpes face="Times New Roman Star"to"ges? face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 493, 495.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"m- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of weed 2 a sort of wheat with very light grains face="Times New Roman Star"1 костер дантониевидный 2 сорт пшеницы с легкими зернами face="Times New Roman Star"su"mter 2 face="Times New Roman Star"su"msu"le 1 face="Times New Roman Star"The root is poorly reflected and hardly reliable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ymur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 buds 2 lily 3 sphere, globe, fist face="Times New Roman Star"1 почки 2 лилия 3 шар, округлость, кулак face="Times New Roman Star"c?omur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|mъw|r 3 face="Times New Roman Star"s?omur 1 (Рас. ФиЛ 89, 231) face="Times New Roman Star"The Chuvash form points to *-y-. The root is very localized, but seems to be distinct from *c?ym- / *c?um- 'top; stick with a knob' (although a contamination was of course possible).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pine tree 2 fir-needle face="Times New Roman Star"1 сосна 2 хвоя face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 1, c?am japrag|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am ag|ac? 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sabal 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?abal 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am, cam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97. Dmitrieva (Дмитриева 1979, 205) derives the Oghuz word for 'fir-tree' from Arab. s?am 'candle', which is dubious phonetically and unlikely because of the Khak. and Shor forms (pointing to *c?amal); more probably an original Turkic root, although localized.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ym- / *c?um- (*c?om-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 top, upper part 2 staff (with a knob) 3 lump, pompon, knob face="Times New Roman Star"1 верхушка 2 палка (с набалдашником) 3 комок, помпон, набалдашник face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?omc?ak 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mmek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|mak 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 2, 94-95, EDT 422. The Chuv. reflex points to *-y-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"mele face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"stack, haystack face="Times New Roman Star"стог, копна face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"me|le| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"la" face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|mel face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mo"lo" face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"mele face="Times New Roman Star"su"ma"la" face="Times New Roman Star"? c?o"mel 'wie,zy' face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 210, Федотов 2, 108, Мудрак Дисс. 137.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jab-c?y face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"in-between, matchmaker face="Times New Roman Star"сват face="Times New Roman Star"jawc?y face="Times New Roman Star"javc?y (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|awc?y (dial.), z?|o|wc?i face="Times New Roman Star"d/u:c?y, ju:c?y face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:c?u face="Times New Roman Star"z?aws?y face="Times New Roman Star"jaws?y face="Times New Roman Star"jawsy face="Times New Roman Star"z?aws?y face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ЭСТЯ 4, 34. Turk. > WMong. z?|abu(l)c?i, Khalkha z|u:c? id. (hardly vice versa, despite Ro/na-Tas KM II 125-126).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kop- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fist 2 wrist face="Times New Roman Star"1 кулак 2 запястье face="Times New Roman Star"qoboq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qowades 1, Krg. qofades? ( < *Kop-adyl/) face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq 'arthritis of metacarpus' face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 194 (though hardly a loanword).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAgyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 chap, saddle-gall on back of an animal 2 wound, chafe on human body face="Times New Roman Star"1 ссадина на спине животного 2 рана, ссадина на человеческом теле face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ir 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jeg|i(r) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"d/u:r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jawyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 65, TMN 4, 183. External evidence suggests that this root should be kept distinct from *jagyr, *jagryn 'back, shoulderblade' (v. sub *dagV ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jary face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 leather 2 pellicle face="Times New Roman Star"1 кожа 2 кожица face="Times New Roman Star"jary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jary (AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryg| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaru: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sary: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hary: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jari 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 146; Лексика 384, Stachowski 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*go"ju"- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 capers 2 ferment for milk 3 a k. of fermented milk drink face="Times New Roman Star"1 каперсы 2 закваска для молока 3 вид квашенного молочного напитка face="Times New Roman Star"go"ju"l 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|velek 2, k@w|ve- 'to ferment' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jo"rgo" 2, ku"o"rc?ex 3; ko"ju"n- 'to ferment' (der. ko":nn/o"r-) face="Times New Roman Star"ko":rc?o"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 103. Kirgh. > Kalm. ko":rc@g (see differently in KW 244, Лексика 451).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"r/el face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beautiful face="Times New Roman Star"красивый face="Times New Roman Star"gu"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zel (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu.zal face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zo"l face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zel face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"guzal/ (K) face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 63-64, VEWT 295.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"критиковать, злобствовать face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAs-tyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"penthouse face="Times New Roman Star"навес face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"basturma (R - Zenker ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|stirma face="Times New Roman Star"bassyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 528. Formally derived from *bastyr- 'to cause to press' - which seems rather far-fetched semantically. We may deal here rather with a compound of *bas + *terme 'wall, building', secondary influenced by *bastyr-ma, *bastyr-yk 'pole for fixing hay and sheaves', see ЭСТЯ 2, 76-77.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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